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A woman’s life is marked by a range of physical and physiological changes, right from menstruation through the late stages of menopause.
At Pantai Hospitals, we offer our female patients comprehensive care every step of the way, whether it is diagnosing and treating endometriosis or easing menopausal symptoms. With proper attention, gynaecological concerns can be identified and managed effectively by allowing for early detection. This is essential for effective preventive and remedial measures.
The team of gynaecologists are equipped to provide patient-centred consultation, assessment and treatment with the utmost sensitivity and respect.
To learn more about gynaecological conditions and symptoms, select one of the following icons.
The uterus or womb is an inverted pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls. It is located within the pelvis, between the bladder and rectum.
The uterus is composed of three layers: the outer peritoneal layer, the middle muscular layer, and the innermost lining, known as the endometrium. The endometrium thickens and prepares for implantation each month during the menstrual cycle, and if pregnancy does not occur, it is shed during menstruation.
On top of that, the muscular walls of the uterus can stretch and expand to accommodate a growing foetus. During labour, the muscular walls contract to push the baby out through the cervix and the vagina.
Conditions related to the uterus:
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina. Occasionally, it is referred to as the 'neck of the uterus.' The cervical os, an aperture located in the cervix, is capable of expanding during childbirth to facilitate the passage of the baby through the vaginal canal.
The cervix produces mucus that assists in the movement of sperm through the reproductive system and can vary in consistency throughout a woman's menstrual cycle to support fertility.
The cervix is also a crucial site for routine cervical cancer screening tests such as Pap smear that help detect any abnormal cells that could be a sign of cancer.
Conditions related to the cervix:
The vagina is a muscular tube-like structure that connects the external genitals (vulva) to the cervix. It is approximately 7cm to 9cm in length. The opening of the vagina is located between the urethra (where urine comes out) and the anus. The vagina is often called the birth canal as it provides the passageway for the delivery of a baby.
Conditions related to the vagina:
The ovaries are a pair of oval-shaped organs located in the pelvis on either side of the uterus. They produce, store, and release eggs (ovum) into the fallopian tubes during ovulation. The ovaries also produce hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone, important for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining reproductive health.
Conditions related to ovaries:
Fallopian tubes are also known as uterine tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. Each tube is about 10cm long. The fallopian tubes are divided into several parts: the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus. The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped opening at the end of the fallopian tube nearest to the ovary. It is lined with finger-like projections called fimbriae that help to sweep the egg released from the ovary into the tube. The fertilisation of the egg by sperm usually occurs at the ampulla.
The inner lining of the fallopian tubes is made up of ciliated cells and secretory cells. The cilia are hair-like structures that move in a coordinated way to help sweep the egg towards the uterus. The secretory cells produce substances that nourish the sperm and the developing embryo.
Conditions related to the fallopian tubes:
Click the “+” symbol on the uterus diagram below to find out more about gynaecological conditions and symptoms.
Gynaecological examinations serve several purposes. The most important thing is to diagnose any abnormalities as quickly as possible. The sooner the treatment, the better the chances of managing or recovering from the condition.
Gynaecological examinations serve several purposes. The most important thing is to diagnose any abnormalities as quickly as possible. The sooner the treatment, the better the chances of managing or recovering from the condition.
Please note that these are recommended ages. Your doctor will advise you if otherwise.
Basic health screening
How often: Once a year
Cervical cancer screening (Pap Test)
Did you know that HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer? Learn more about HPV Vaccination in Malaysia to protect yourself from cervical cancer.
Breast cancer screening (Mammogram)
How often: 2 to 3 years once
Colorectal cancer screening
How often: 10 years once
Bone density test
How often: 3 to 5 years once
Learn more about 7 health screening tests that every woman should go for.
Gynaecology refers to the specialty that treats medical conditions that affect the female reproductive system - cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. A gynaecologist’s focus is on the non-pregnancy aspects of a woman’s reproductive health. These include:
Once you schedule an appointment with an Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialist, the doctor will initially ask you a series of questions about your condition or symptoms.
An OB/GYN appointment may involve several types of examinations. The examination that an OB/GYN may choose to perform depend on the reason for a patient’s visit, their sexual activity and age.
These examinations include:
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