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Leg cramps are a common and typically harmless condition in which the leg muscles suddenly tighten and become painful. It usually affects the calf muscles but can also affect the foot and quadriceps (thighs).
The cramps may last anywhere between a few seconds and 10 minutes. Leg pain and tenderness may persist for several hours after the cramping subsides.
What are the causes of leg cramps?
Leg cramps may occur for no apparent reason (idiopathic leg cramps) or due to a symptom or complication of a condition (secondary leg cramps).
Some of the most common causes of idiopathic leg cramps include:
- Overexertion of leg muscles (muscle fatigue).
- Abnormal nerve activity.
- Sudden restriction of blood supply to the affected muscle.
Some of the most common causes of secondary leg cramps include:
- Dehydration that leads to decreased salt levels due to low levels of water in your body.
- Extra weight during pregnancy may strain the leg muscles and causes leg cramps.
- Neurological conditions such as motor neuron disease.
- Excessive exercise.
- Certain medications such as diuretics and statins.
When to seek immediate medical advice?
While leg cramps are usually not a cause for alarm, there are some instances where you should seek immediate medical advice.
- Severe pain: This could be a sign of a more serious condition, such as deep vein thrombosis or a blood clot.
- Swelling: This could be a sign of a blood clot or other serious conditions.
- Shortness of breath: If you experience leg cramps along with shortness of breath, it could be a sign of a blood clot in the lungs.
- History of blood clots: If you have a history of blood clots or other medical conditions that increase your risk of blood clots, it is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience leg cramps, especially if they are persistent or severe.
If you or someone you know is experiencing a medical emergency, head straight to one of the nearest Pantai Hospital Accident and Emergency (A&E) department for immediate medical attention.
How are leg cramps treated?
If the reason behind your leg cramps is identified, there could be a chance to address and treat the root cause.
However, if the cause of your leg cramps is unknown (primary idiopathic leg cramps), a combination of exercise and painkillers is recommended.
- Stretching exercises: Straighten your leg and raise your foot while bending it at the ankle so that your toes point towards your shin. Spend a few minutes walking on your heels.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen to relieve the pain or muscle relaxants.
How to prevent leg cramps?
It is important to perform simple stretches such as a calf, hamstring, or quadriceps muscle stretch before exercising. Ensure you are well hydrated, especially if you are involved in intense exercises.
Make an appointment at Pantai Hospitals
Get in touch with us to book an appointment with an Orthopaedic specialist today if you have concerns or questions regarding leg cramps. We assure you the best possible care tailored to your specific needs.
Pantai Hospital has been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.
