What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins, usually in the legs. This can be a potentially serious medical issue if the clot travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT can occur due to prolonged immobility, surgery, injury, or certain health conditions that increase the risk of clot formation. 

What Are the Causes and Risk Factors for DVT?

DVT is often caused by anything that prevents normal blood flow, making it easier for blood to clot. Common risk factors include:

1. Prolonged immobility: Sitting for long periods, especially during long flights or car rides, can increase the risk of DVT.
2. Surgery or injury: Surgical procedures, especially those involving the lower body, or injury to a vein can contribute to clot formation.
3. Obesity: Being overweight or obese places additional pressure on veins, which can cause clot formation.
4. Age: Older adults are at a higher risk for DVT.
5. Medications: Certain medications, including hormonal treatments like birth control, may increase clotting risks.

What Are the Symptoms of DVT?

The symptoms of DVT may not always be noticeable, but they can include:

• Swelling in one leg, typically in the calf or thigh.
• Pain in the leg, especially when standing or walking.
• Red or darkened skin on the affected leg.
• The skin over the affected area may feel warmer than surrounding areas.

How Is DVT Diagnosed?

DVT is diagnosed through a combination of a medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

• Ultrasound: The most common method for diagnosing DVT, which can detect blood clots in the veins.
• D-dimer blood test: Elevated levels of D-dimer in the blood can indicate the presence of abnormal clotting.
• CT or MRI scans: In some cases, these imaging tests may be used to evaluate the clot's location.
• Venography: A less common test where a contrast dye is injected into a vein, and X-rays are taken to detect clots.

What Are the Treatment Options for DVT?

Treatment for DVT aims to prevent the clot from growing, breaking loose, or travelling to the lungs. Depending on the severity, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following treatments:

1. Anticoagulants (blood thinners): These medications, such as heparin or warfarin, help prevent new clots from forming and stop existing clots from growing.
2. Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgical procedures may be required to remove the clot, especially if it is large and causing significant health issues.

How Can DVT Be Prevented?

Preventing DVT involves several strategies to reduce the risk of clot formation.

1. Staying active: Regular exercise helps improve blood circulation and reduces the risk of DVT.
2. Avoiding long periods of immobility: If you are sitting for long periods, such as during travel, take breaks to stand and move around.
3. Wearing compression stockings: These can help prevent swelling and improve blood flow in people at risk.
4. Medications for high-risk individuals: If you are at a high risk for DVT, your doctor may prescribe medications to prevent blood clots.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Why does DVT primarily occur in the legs?

The deep veins in the legs are more prone to clotting due to factors such as slower blood flow, gravity's effect on circulation, and reduced movement, which can cause blood to pool.

2. Can DVT happen without symptoms? 

Yes, DVT can develop without noticeable symptoms, which is why it is essential to consult a vascular surgeon for proper screening, especially if you have risk factors.

3. How is DVT different from superficial thrombophlebitis?

DVT occurs in deep veins and can cause serious complications, whereas superficial thrombophlebitis affects veins closer to the skin and is generally less dangerous.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to serious health complications if left untreated, such as pulmonary embolism. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms like swelling, pain, redness in the leg, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

If you have concerns about DVT or are at higher risk, contact us to schedule an appointment with our expert vascular surgeons at Pantai Hospitals. The team can provide professional advice, diagnosis, and treatment options for managing DVT. Reach out to our health screening centre to book an appointment for a comprehensive heart health check-up.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.