4 Symptoms of Pneumonia

What Is Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of your lungs. It causes the air sacs of your lungs to fill up with fluid or pus. 

This article outlines the four key symptoms of pneumonia to watch for. Recognising these symptoms early can ensure prompt medical attention and effective treatment, reducing the risk of severe complications.

What Are the Common Symptoms?

1. Cough

   A persistent cough is one of the most common early indicators of pneumonia. While many illnesses involve coughing, the cough associated with pneumonia is often different in duration and severity.

   • Dry vs. wet cough: Pneumonia-related coughs can either be dry (non-productive) or wet (productive), depending on the type of infection. A dry cough, often associated with viral pneumonia, may feel irritating and nagging, whereas a wet cough, common in bacterial pneumonia, produces mucus or phlegm, often green or yellow in colour. This difference is important because it can help guide doctors in identifying the underlying cause and prescribing the appropriate treatment.
   • Cough duration: A pneumonia cough tends to last longer than those caused by common colds. If your cough has persisted for more than a week and seems to be worsening instead of improving, it could be a sign of pneumonia. Long-lasting, intense coughing that disrupts sleep or causes discomfort is particularly concerning and warrants medical attention.
   • Accompanying chest pain: Coughing associated with pneumonia can lead to chest pain or discomfort. This pain is usually sharp and worsens when taking a deep breath or coughing. Inflammation in the lungs can irritate the chest lining, causing pain that may radiate across the torso. If your cough is accompanied by this type of chest pain, it is important to consult a healthcare provider promptly.



2. Shortness of breath

   Shortness of breath is another key symptom of pneumonia, signalling that the infection is affecting your lungs’ ability to exchange oxygen efficiently. This symptom can range from mild to severe and is particularly dangerous for those with underlying health conditions.

   • Difficulty breathing: The most concerning sign of pneumonia-related shortness of breath is when a person feels like they could not catch their breath even during simple activities such as walking or talking. This could be a sign that the infection has progressed significantly, and the lungs are not functioning properly.
   • Exertion-related symptoms: Simple activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or even speaking can become challenging when you have pneumonia. As the infection progresses, even minimal exertion may leave you breathless. If you find yourself unusually winded from everyday tasks, it could be a sign of pneumonia and should not be ignored.
   • Oxygen levels: In severe cases, pneumonia can lead to a dangerous drop in oxygen levels, known as hypoxia. This can result in a bluish tint to the lips or fingernails, extreme fatigue, and confusion. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, seek emergency medical care immediately.
     
     

3. Fever and chills

   Fever and chills are other common symptoms of pneumonia, indicating that the body is fighting off a significant infection. Pneumonia-related fevers often spike suddenly, reaching 38.8°C (102°F) or higher, especially in bacterial cases. These fevers can be accompanied by profuse sweating and chills, leaving patients feeling weak and drained.

4. Feel exhausted and weak

   Pneumonia often leaves patients feeling exhausted and weak. They may feel drained of energy and struggle to perform daily tasks like eating, bathing, or even getting out of bed. Fatigue caused by pneumonia can linger for weeks, even after the infection has cleared, especially in older adults or those with chronic health conditions. This symptom can be particularly concerning when combined with other signs like fever or coughing, and it is important to seek medical care if your fatigue worsens.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

1. What causes pneumonia?

   Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common type and often follows a cold or flu. Viral pneumonia is typically less severe but can still cause significant health problems, while fungal pneumonia is rare but serious.

2. Is pneumonia contagious?

   Yes, some types of pneumonia, particularly bacterial and viral forms, are contagious and can spread through droplets when a person coughs or sneezes. However, fungal pneumonia is not contagious.

3. How is pneumonia diagnosed?

   Pneumonia is diagnosed using a combination of physical exams, chest X-rays, blood tests, and sometimes sputum cultures to determine the underlying cause.

4. What treatments are available for pneumonia?

   Treatment depends on the type of pneumonia and may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, antiviral medications for viral infections, and antifungal treatments for fungal infections. Severe cases may require hospitalisation and oxygen therapy.

5. Can pneumonia be prevented?

   Yes, vaccines for bacterial pneumonia (like the pneumococcal vaccine) and the flu vaccine can reduce your risk. Good hygiene practices can also help prevent pneumonia.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals 

Recognising the symptoms of pneumonia early can be life-saving. If you or a loved one experiences a persistent cough, shortness of breath, fever, fatigue, or confusion, seek medical attention promptly. Pneumonia can progress quickly, but with the right medical care, recovery is possible.

If you have questions about pneumonia, contact us to book an appointment at your nearest Pantai Hospital and receive professional advice to help kickstart your health journey. To make an appointment for health screening, please contact the health screening centre at the Pantai Hospital nearest to you.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.