Multiple Myeloma
Understanding Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that originates in the plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Plasma cells play a critical role in producing antibodies to fight infections. In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy cells and producing faulty proteins called monoclonal proteins (M proteins). These proteins can lead to organ damage and impair the immune system.
Risk Factors
- Age
- Gender
- Family History
- Exposure to Chemicals or Radiations
Symptoms
Early in multiple myeloma, there might be no symptoms. When signs and symptoms happen, they can include:
- Bone pain, especially in the spine, chest or hips
- Loss of appetite
- Mental fogginess or confusion
- Fatigue and Weakness
- Unexplained Weight loss
- Needing to urinate often
Diagnosing Methods
- Blood Tests
- Urine Tests – To detect the presence of M-Protein
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Imaging Tests
Treatment Options
Treatment for myeloma depends on the type, stage, and patient’s overall health. Common approaches include:
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
- Stem Cell Transplant
- Targeted Therapy
- Immunotherapy / CAR-T Cell Therapy
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. It can be administered systemically (through the bloodstream) to target cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy is used in various cancers, either as the primary treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as with surgery or radiotherapy.
