Lymphoma

Understanding Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, a crucial part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow, which work together to fight infections and remove waste. In lymphoma, white blood cells called lymphocytes grow uncontrollably, forming tumors in the lymph nodes and other tissues.

There are two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL):

• Hodgkin lymphoma: A rare type of cancer that can often be cured
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The most common type of lymphoma, accounting for about 90% of cases

Risk Factors for Lymphoma

While the exact causes are unclear, certain factors can increase the risk:

• Weakened immune system: From conditions like HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, or autoimmune disorders.
• Certain Infections: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Helicobacter pylori, or hepatitis C can play a role.
• Age and gender: Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults, while NHL is prevalent in older adults (above 55 y/o).
• Chemical exposure: Prolonged exposure to pesticides or industrial chemicals.
• Family history: A slight genetic predisposition in some cases.

Symptoms of Lymphoma

Symptoms of lymphoma can be subtle and overlap with other conditions, making early detection challenging. Common symptoms include:

• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin.
• Persistent fatigue or weakness.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fever and chills without infection.
• Night sweats.
• Itchy skin or rashes.
• Shortness of breath or chest pain if lymphoma affects the chest area.

Diagnosing Methods

1. Physical
2. Biopsy
3. Imaging Test – May include CT Scans, MRI and PET-CT Scans

Treatment Options

Treatment for Lymphoma depends on the type, stage, and patient’s overall health. Common approaches include:

1. Chemotherapy
2. Radiation Therapy
3. Stem Cell Transplant
4. Targeted Therapy
5. Immunotherapy / CAR-T Cell Therapy