Understanding
Liver Cancer

What is Liver Cancer?

Liver cancer is a malignant tumour originates in the cells of the liver. It is often linked to chronic liver conditions such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or cirrhosis. Globally, liver cancer is the 8th most common cancer in both genders and the 5th most common cancer among Malaysian men. In Southeast Asia, its mortality rate is 12.1%, making it a critical health concern.

Types of Liver Cancer

While hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, other types include:

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer): Affects the bile ducts within the liver.

Hepatoblastoma: Rare, often occurs in children.

Symptoms of Liver Cancer

Liver cancer symptoms may not be noticeable in its early stages. However, as the disease progresses, common signs include:

• Abdominal pain
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Swelling in the abdomen
• Enlarged liver or spleen
• Itching
• Diagnosis

Risk Factors for Liver Cancer

Liver cancer can develop due to various factors, including:

Chronic Hepatitis Infections: Long-term infection with hepatitis B or C viruses.

Cirrhosis: Scarring of the liver caused by conditions like chronic hepatitis or alcohol abuse.

Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Prolonged heavy drinking leading to liver damage.

Obesity: Associated with fatty liver disease, increasing the risk of liver cancer.

Diabetes: Linked to metabolic changes that may harm the liver.

Exposure to Aflatoxins: Toxins produced by fungi in improperly stored grains and nuts.

How is Liver Cancer Diagnosed?

Liver cancer diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging studies, blood tests, and biopsy procedures. Regular screenings, especially for high-risk individuals, can help detect liver cancer early. This includes ultrasounds, CT or MRI scans, and tumor marker blood tests like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

Treatment for Liver Cancer

Liver cancer treatments are tailored to the stage of the disease, the patient’s overall health, and liver function. Your hepatobiliary surgeon and healthcare team will guide you to the most appropriate treatment plan based on your condition. Common treatment modalities include:

• Surgery
• Ablation Therapy
• Embolization Therapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Radiation Therapy

Prevention of Liver Cancer

Prevention and Monitoring

Manage Viral Infections: Vaccination and treatment for hepatitis B and C.	Limit Alcohol Consumption: Reduce alcohol intake to prevent liver damage.	Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid obesity.	Regular Screenings: High-risk individuals should undergo periodic ultrasounds and blood tests to detect any early signs of liver disease or cancer.