What Are the Complications of Gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis, commonly known as a stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is usually caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. While most cases resolve on their own, severe or untreated gastroenteritis can lead to serious complications.

Common Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is a common gastrointestinal illness that can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms. Here are some of the most common ones:

1. Diarrhoea

   Diarrhoea is one of the most common symptoms of gastroenteritis. Loose, watery stools are the hallmark symptom of gastroenteritis, resulting from the infection’s irritation to the digestive tract. Diarrhoea can be mild to severe and may last from a few hours to several days. 

2. Nausea and Vomiting

   These often occur suddenly and can last for a few hours to a few days, depending on the cause and severity of the infection.

3. Abdominal Pain

   Abdominal pain is a common symptom of gastroenteritis. The pain can vary widely in nature, from severe cramps to a constant, dull ache. This is due to irritation in the digestive tract and increased peristalsis, or muscle contractions.

4. Fever

   Fever is a common symptom of gastroenteritis. The severity of the fever can vary from mild to high, depending on the type of infection and the individual’s immune system. In addition to fever, patients may also experience other symptoms such as headache and muscle aches. The appearance of these systemic symptoms often indicates that the body is actively fighting the infection.

5. Fatigue

   The body’s energy is directed towards fighting the infection, leading to tiredness and muscle weakness. Dehydration from vomiting or diarrhoea can worsen fatigue.

Potential Complications of Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, if not managed properly, can lead to several complications:

1. Dehydration

   Frequent vomiting and diarrhoea can cause severe fluid and electrolyte loss, especially in infants and the elderly. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening.

2. Malnutrition

   Due to poor appetite, digestion, and nutrient absorption, individuals with gastroenteritis can develop malnutrition, particularly deficiencies in proteins and vitamins.

3. Susceptibility to Reinfection

   A weakened immune system from gastroenteritis can make individuals more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections such as intestinal bacterial overgrowth or urinary tract infections.

4. Intestinal Inflammation

   Severe gastroenteritis can lead to inflammation of the intestines, possibly resulting in ulcers and increasing the risk of bleeding or perforation.

5. Kidney Damage

   Severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances can impair kidney function and may even lead to acute kidney failure.

How to Prevent Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is a common inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Here are some tips to prevent it:

1. Practise good food hygiene

   Avoid eating raw or undercooked food and ensure that drinking water is clean and safe. Remember to keep raw and cooked foods separate to prevent cross-contamination. Make sure to cook food thoroughly to kill any harmful bacteria.

2. Wash your hands frequently

   Wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food, eating, and after using the toilet.

3. Get vaccinated

   Certain types of gastroenteritis, like those caused by the rotavirus, can be prevented through vaccination. Consult with your healthcare provider.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How long does gastroenteritis last?

   Duration varies depending on the cause and individual factors, but viral gastroenteritis typically resolves within a few days.

2. What should I eat?

   Consume bland, easily digestible foods like rice porridge, noodles, bananas, and applesauce. Avoid fatty, spicy, or high-fibre foods.

3. Can I drink water?

   Yes, staying hydrated is crucial. Drink plenty of fluids like water, oral rehydration solutions, or clear broths.

4. Is gastroenteritis contagious?

   Yes, it is highly contagious and often spreads through the faecal-oral route.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Gastroenteritis is a common gastrointestinal disease. However, if left untreated, severe cases can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly upon experiencing these symptoms.

If you have questions about gastroenteritis, get in touch with us to book an appointment at your nearest Pantai Hospitals to receive professional advice. To make an appointment for health screening, please contact the health screening centre at the Pantai Hospitals nearest to you.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.