Hot Weather in Malaysia: Steps to Prevent Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

What Is Heatwave in Malaysia?

The Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) has reported that Malaysia’s hot and dry season has started earlier compared to the past two years due to the ongoing El Nino phenomenon.

It is, therefore, important to take precautions as high-temperature notices have been issued across many states throughout Malaysia.

MetMalaysia issues the heatwave level based on the indication in the table below:

Source: MetMalaysia

In this article, we will delve deeper into the topic of hot weather and explore preventive measures to prevent heat exhaustion and heat stroke, which is the most severe form of heat-related illness and is considered a medical emergency.

Additionally, we will dispel some myths that may be circulating on the internet.

What Is the Implication of Extreme Hot Weather on Health?

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke?

Heat-related illnesses are due to exposure to abnormal or prolonged amounts of heat and humidity without relief or adequate fluid intake. Heat-related illnesses usually start with heat cramps, followed by heat exhaustion, and if left untreated, it may lead to potentially fatal heat stroke.

Heat stroke is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. When the body's core temperature rises to dangerously high levels and its natural cooling mechanisms, like sweating, fail to regulate temperature, it can lead to heat stroke. This can result in damage to vital organs and even be fatal if not treated promptly.

What Are the Risk Factors of Developing Heat Exhaustion?

Several factors can increase the risk of heat exhaustion, although anyone can develop this condition. These risk factors include:

1. Age

   Infants, children, and older adults are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses due to their reduced ability to regulate body temperature.

2. Physical activities in hot weather

   Engaging in strenuous physical activity, particularly in hot weather, can increase the risk of heat exhaustion as it raises the body's core temperature.

3. Underlying health conditions

   Certain underlying chronic health conditions, such as heart or lung disease, can increase the risk of heat exhaustion. The same is true for being obese, living a sedentary lifestyle, and having a history of heat exhaustion.

How to Prevent Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke?

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are predictable and preventable. Take these steps to prevent developing heat-related illnesses during this hot and dry season in Malaysia.

1. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids so that your body can sweat to maintain a normal body temperature.
2. Wear clothes of lighter colour, lightweight, loose-fitting: This will help your body to cool down properly during hot weather.
3. Avoid strenuous activities during the hottest times of the day: It is better to schedule physical activities during cooler times, such as early morning or evening. If you cannot avoid strenuous activity in hot weather, remember to drink plenty of water and take breaks in a cooler place.
4. People at higher risk should be more aware: If you are taking care of young children or older people, help them stay away from the hot environment. Act quickly if you notice symptoms of overheating that may lead to heat stroke.
5. Use sun protection: Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 or more when you are out and about. Reapply sunscreen more often, such as every two hours if you are swimming or sweating, to prevent sunburn.
6. Do not leave anyone in a parked vehicle: It is unsafe to stay in the car when it is parked under the sun or in hot weather.

Debunking Internet Myths

It is important to critically evaluate information, especially when it comes to health and safety. Let us address these myths:

1. Myth: Refrain from drinking icy water.

   Fact: There is no evidence to suggest that drinking icy water in hot temperatures leads to blood vessel rupture or bursting.

2. Myth: Taking a cold shower while sweating may lead to unconsciousness.

   Fact: There is no evidence to support the claim that taking a cold shower immediately after sweating can lead to sudden unconsciousness and fainting.

3. Myth: Drinking warm or hot water is better during hot days.

   Fact: There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that drinking warm or hot water is better than cold water during hot days.

It is essential to rely on credible sources backed by scientific evidence regarding health-related information. Personal opinions or anecdotes without proper scientific basis can be misleading and potentially harmful. When in doubt, consulting reputable health organisations or professionals is always a good practice.

Make an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

As temperatures rise, so do the risks of heat-related illnesses like heat stroke. Learn the symptoms of heat-related illnesses, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Act quickly if you or someone else shows signs of distress, such as dizziness, nausea, or rapid heartbeat. Stay cool, stay hydrated, and stay informed.

If you need medical help, go to the nearest Pantai Hospital's Accident and Emergency (A&E) department for immediate assistance.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.

References

1. Heat Wave Status. Available at https://www.met.gov.my/en/iklim/status-cuaca-panas/ [Accessed on 1 March 2024]
2. Extreme Heat. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/index.html [Accessed on 1 March 2024]
3. Heat and Health. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-heat-and-health [Accessed on 1 March 2024]
4. Heat Stroke and Your Health. Available at https://spm.um.edu.my/2023/05/11/heat-stroke-and-your-health/ [Accessed on 1 March 2024]
5. Heatwave: how to cope in hot weather. Available at https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/seasonal-health/heatwave-how-to-cope-in-hot-weather/ [Accessed on 1 March 2024]
6. Heat Stress – Heat Related Illness. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/heatrelillness.html [Accessed on 1 March 2024]