Understanding Cervical Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Cervical Cancer Overview:

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is most commonly caused by persistent infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer is a significant health concern in Malaysia, and worldwide, but the good news is that it is preventable and treatable when detected early.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer:

Cervical cancer often develops silently in its early stages, without any noticeable symptoms. However, as it progresses, you may experience:

• Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: This includes bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.
• Pelvic Pain: You may experience pain or discomfort in the pelvic area, especially during sexual intercourse.
• Vaginal discharge: Unusual, foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Lower extremity oedema/swelling: Advanced cervical cancer can exert pressure on nearby structures, such as lymph nodes, causing changes in urination or bowel movements.

Prevention of Cervical Cancer:

Preventing cervical cancer primarily involves early detection and vaccination:

• Vaccination: The HPV vaccine is safe and highly effective in preventing HPV infection, the leading cause of cervical cancer. It is recommended for both girls and boys.
• Regular Screenings: Pap smears (Pap tests) and HPV tests are crucial for early detection of cervical abnormalities. Consult your healthcare provider for recommended screening schedules.
• Safe Sexual Practices: Practicing safe sex by using condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
• Smoking Cessation: Smoking can increase the risk of cervical cancer, so quitting smoking is an important preventive step.

Early detection through regular screenings is key to effective cervical cancer treatment. Prioritizing cervical health is vital, and prevention is possible through vaccination and screenings. Stay informed and protect yourself and your loved ones from this preventable disease.

For further insights into disease management, our experienced Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialists are readily available to assist you. Feel free to schedule an appointment through our website to access their expertise.

This article was contributed by Dr. Tricia Ruth Thomas, Consultant Obstetrics & Gynaecology (O&G) at Pantai Hospital Klang. To book an appointment or learn more about Dr. Tricia Ruth Thomas clinic, click here.